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| UNIT | SECTION | CONTENT | CONCEPT/THEMES | *CITED CASES/ Additional Cases |
CONSTITUTIONAL CONNECTIONS |
| TWO | I. D, E(3), (10); F2 | Three Branches of Government and their operation | Government Constitutional Principles | *Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Judicial Review/Executive and Legislative Powers System of Checks & Balances |
| TWO | I. E(2), (12) | Federalism Property Rights Civil Liberties | Government Constitutional Principles | Fletcher v. Peck (1810) | Contract Clause Impairment/State Ex Post Facto Legislation |
| TWO | I. A3a E(1), (2), (3) | Colonial Charters Property Rights Enforceable Contracts | Constitutional Principles Individuals, Groups, Institutions | Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) | Contract Clause Art. 1, Sec. 10 Obligations, States Rights/Private Rights |
| TWO | I. E, (1), (2), (3), (12) F2 | Federalism Balance Between Nation and States | Government Constitutional Principles Economic Systems | *McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Federal Supremacy Necessary and Proper Delegated and Implied Powers Incorporation Theory |
| TWO | I. E(2); II. A1, 2; B1a(1) | The Market Economy and Interstate Commerce The Transportation Revolution | Government Constitutional Principles Economic Systems Factors of Production | *Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | Interstate Commerce Federal Supremacy |
| TWO | I. E(8); II. B2; C1, 2, 3 | Native Americans History of Indian Relations The “Removal Policy” | Diversity Civic Values Government Individuals, Groups, Institutions Citizenship | First Cherokee Indian Case: Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) *Second Cherokee Indian Case: Worcester v. Georgia (1832) | Federal Jurisdiction Reserve Power of States Native American Sovereignty Judicial Supremacy |
| TWO | II. B1e; 2; 3 | Life Under Slavery Equal Rights and Justice The Great Constitutional Debate Fugitive Slave Laws | Citizenship Diversity Reform Movement Civic Values | *Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) | Property Rights or Citizen’s Rights |
| TWO | II. D2b, c | Impact of War Civil Liberties during the Civil War Government policy during the War | Civic Values Constitutional Principles Presidential Decisions and Actions Change/Citizenship | Ex Parte Merryman (1861) and Ex Parte Milligan (1866) | Writ of Habeas Corpus Executive Power during War Civilian Due Process |
| THREE | I. A3, 5; C3, C4 | A Reconstructed Nation Shifting relationships among Federal Gov’t., State Gov’t., individual citizens | Change Constitutional Principles Places and Regions Civic Values | Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) | Privileges and Immunities Due Process Guarantees Protecting Property |
| THREE | I. A5; B; E3, 4, 5 | Impact of Civil War on Federal and State Governments’ relationships/ Economic, Industrial/ American Society | Change Places and Regions Factors of Production Constitutional Principles Government | Munn v. Illinois (1877) | The Constitution and Public Interest versus Free Enterprise’s Property Rights and Due Process |
| THREE | I. C1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | The New South Status of Freeman Role of African Americans | Change Citizenship Civic Values/Diversity Individuals, Groups, Institutions | *Civil Rights Cases (1883) | Narrowing the 14th Amendment Respecting Civil Rights/Private Sector Discrimination |
| THREE | II. A, B, C | Economic Transformation Business response to change New business and government practices | Change Constitutional Principles Human Systems Factors of Production Individual, Groups, Institutions | Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad (1886) | The word “person” in the 14th Amendment applies to business corporations Equal Protection |
| THREE | II. D2 | New business and government practices Railroad “pooling” rate inequities | Economic Systems Physical Systems | *Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois (1886) | Federal Commerce Clause State Regulatory Power on Interstate and Intrastate Commerce |
| THREE | III. B, C | Immigration 1850-1924 Chinese Immigration | Immigration Government Diversity Human Systems Change | Chae Chan Ping v. United States (1889) | Treaties are similar to Acts of Congress Congressional Power |
| THREE | II. B1; D2 | Transportation Railroads Rate Inequities | Economic Systems Constitutional Principles Science and Technology Human Systems | Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Co. v. Minnesota (1890) | Procedural Due Process (hearing) before State can regulate rates |
| THREE | II. D3 | Competition Sherman Anti-Trust Act Monopolies | Economic Systems Government | *United States v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895) | 10th Amendment may provide States the right to regulate local manufacturing |
| THREE | II. E1, 2 | Labor’s response to economic change Major labor strikes | Factor of Production Human Systems Government | *In Re Debs (1895) | Government’s enumerated powers to regulate commerce and support general welfare |
| THREE | I. D3, 4; E2 | “Separate But Equal” Abridgment of rights of African Americans | Citizenship Diversity Civic Values Constitutional Principles | *Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | 14th Amendment provides Equal Protection or a legal basis for separation |
| THREE | III. B1 a; C1, 2, 4, | Immigration Cultural Pluralism Nativist reaction /“Yellow Peril” | Immigration and migration Citizenship Government Diversity | United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) | “All persons born...in the United States are citizens of the United States” |
| FOUR | II. A3b | United States Empire— Puerto Rico, Protectorate | Change Place and Regions Interdependence | DeLima v. Bidwell (1901) | Are constitutional rights extended to non-residents? |
| FOUR | I. C2a, b, c | “Trust Busting” | Government Reform Movements Economic Systems | *Northern Securities Company v. United States (1904) | Commerce Clause and Restraint of Trade |
| FOUR | II. A3 | Imperialism: The Spanish American War | Change Interdependence Foreign Policy | Dorr v. United States (1904) | Trial by jury in United States Territories |
| FOUR | I. A3 | Struggles for fair standard of business operation and working conditions | Science and Technology Human Systems Reform Movements | *Lochner v. New York (1905) | Substantive Due Process “Liberty to contract” versus the State’s interest for the public welfare |
| FOUR | I. C2a, b | Progressivism and government action | Government Change Civic Values Reform Movements | Swift v. United States (1905) | “Stream of Interstate Commerce” Congressional Power versus Free Enterprise |
| THREE
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III. 3 a
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Women, families and work— traditional roles
Business Operations Women’s Rights |
Economic System Factors of Production Human Systems Cultural and Intellectual Life |
*Muller v. Oregon (1908) | Women’s 14th Amendment “Privilege” to work more is out-weighed by the State’s interest to protect the conditions in which women toil |
| FOUR | I. C5 | Effects on domestic reform | Government Civic Values Constitutional Principles | Weeks v. United States (1914) | Unreasonable Search and Seizure Police Power/Exclusionary Rule |
| FOUR | I. C5 | World War I: Effects on domestic reform | Government Civic Values Human Systems Factors of Production Economic Systems | Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) | Interstate Commerce and Child Labor |
| FOUR | II. C | Wartime constitutional issues | Change Constitutional Principles Foreign Policy | *Schenck v. United States (1919) | Free Speech versus Congressional War Powers/ “Clear & Present Danger” |
| FOUR | II. C | Wartime constitutional issues | Change Constitutional Principles Foreign Policy | Debs v. United States (1919) | Dangerous Speech |
| FIVE | II. A4; B1; .6e | Unemployment: Impact on minorities | Change Constitutional Principles Diversity | Powell v. Alabama (1932) | Due Process Right to Counsel |
| FIVE | II. B5a(1), (2) | Controversial Aspects of the New Deal: Constitutional Issues | Government Change Factors of Production Economic Systems | *Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States (1935) and United States v. Butler (1937) | Presidential Power versus Congressional Power Federalism Reserve Power of State |
| FIVE | II. B3d(1) | Wagner Act | Government Economic Systems | National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937) | Commerce Clause Art. 1 Sec. 8, p. 3 Labor Relations Congressional Power |
| SIX SEVEN |
I. C5 V. C5 | War’s impact on minorities The Supreme Court and the Schools |
Diversity Civic Values Constitutional Principles |
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943) | 1st Amendment Establishment Clause |
| SIX
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I. C5a I. C5a | Incarceration of Japanese Americans | Diversity Civic Values Constitutional Principles Diversity Civic Values Constitutional Principles |
Hirabayashi v. United States (1943)and *Korematsu v. United States (1944) | Executive War Powers Civil Rights Equal Protection
Executive War Powers Civil Rights Equal Protection |
| SIX | II. D 1 | Case Studies: Smith Act | Citizenship Civic Values | Dennis v. United States (1951) | Unlimited Free Speech versus National Security |
| SEVEN | II. C 2b, c | Beginning of modern Civil Rights Movement/ School Desegregation | Civic Values Change Diversity Citizenship Individuals, Groups, Institutions Constitutional Principles | *Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) | Equal Protection versus States’ Right to Educate |
| SIX | II. D1 | Truman and Government Loyalty Checks: Case Studies | Citizenship Civic Values Foreign Policy | *Watkins v. United States (1957) | Self-incrimination Due Process Congressional Power |
| SIX | II. D2 | Loyalty and dissent | Change | Yates v. United States (1957) | Political speech of ideas versus speeches calling for action to overthrow the government |
| SEVEN | III. B7a | Rights of the Accused | Civic Values Constitutional Principles | *Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | Search and Seizure Unwarranted intrusion |
| SEVEN | III. B8 | Legislative Reapportionment | Citizenship Constitutional Principles Places and Regions | *Baker v. Carr (1962) | Equal Protection |
| SEVEN | V. C5a | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Individuals Groups Institutions Constitutional Principles Civic Values | *Engel v. Vitale (1962) Abington School District v. Schempp (1963) | Bill of Rights in Schools School prayer and Bible reading and the Establishment Clause |
| SEVEN | III. B7b | Rights of the Accused | Civic Values Change Citizenship | *Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | Right to Counsel |
| SEVEN | III. B7 | Rights of the Accused | Civic Values | Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) | Right to an Attorney Self-incrimination |
| SEVEN | III. B3c(1) | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Civic Values Citizenship Reform Movements | *Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States (1964) | Commerce Clause used in Civil Rights issues |
| SEVEN | III. B7c | Rights of the Accused | Civic Values Citizenship | *Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | Self-Incrimination Rights to Counsel State Police Power |
| SEVEN | V. C5 | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Constitutional Principles Diversity | Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, Va. (1968) | Equal Protection States’ Rights to Educate Desegregation |
| SEVEN | V. C5 | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Civic Values | Epperson v. Arkansas (1968) | 1st Amendment Establishment Clause and 14th Amendment Equal Protection versus 10th Amendment Right of States to Educate |
| SEVEN | V. C5b | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Civic Values Constitutional Principles Culture and Intellectual Life | *Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969) | Students Symbolic Silent Speech versus States’ Rights to Educate |
| SEVEN | V. A1e | Nixon Domestic Policies | Change Human Systems Citizenship | Oregon v. Mitchell (1970) | 18-year olds Right to Vote leads to 26th Amendment |
| SEVEN | V. A2a(1) | Withdrawal from Vietnam (Pentagon Papers) | Choice Presidential Decisions and Actions/Foreign Policy | *New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) | Free Press Executive Powers |
| SEVEN | III. A3 V. A | Nixon Domestic Policies Movement for Rights of Disabled Citizens | Choice Human System Individuals, Groups, Institutions | P.A.R.C. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1971) | Equal Protection of Handicapped in Education |
| SEVEN | V. C5 | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Change Civic Values Citizenship | Swann v. Charlotte- Mecklenburg County Board of Education (1971) | School busing to desegregate schools |
| SEVEN | V. C5 | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Civic Values Constitutional Principles | Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia (1972) | Due Process and Equal Protection for exceptional students |
| SEVEN | V. A1 | Nixon Domestic Policy | Change Constitutional Principles Civic Values | Furman v. Georgia (1972) | Cruel and Unusual Punishment/Death Penalty |
| SEVEN | III. 4 a, b(3) | The Modern Women’s Movement | Diversity Civic Values Constitutional Principles Reform Movements | *Roe v. Wade (1973) | Right to privacy and personal choice versus Reserve Power of the State |
| SEVEN | V. A3b, c | The Presidency in Crisis Watergate | Presidential Decision and Actions/Change/ Constitutional Principles Government | *United States v. Nixon (1974) | Federal Due Process versus Executive Privilege |
| SEVEN | V. C5 | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Change Constitutional Principles | Goss v. Lopez (1975) | Student Due Process Rights |
| SEVEN | V. B2 | The Ford and Carter Presidencies Domestic Issues | Constitutional Principles Diversity Culture and Intellectual Life | University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978) | Affirmative Action/ State’s Rights versus Equal Protection |
| SEVEN | V. D2 | The problems of poverty in an affluent society Upper Class | Diversity Citizenship Change | Plyler v. Doe (1982) | Rights of aliens in public schools |
| SEVEN | V. C 5 | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Civic Values Constitutional Principles Culture and Intellectual Life | Board of Education, Island Trees School District v. Pico (1982) | Students’ 1st Amendment Rights versus School’s right to ban books |
| SEVEN | V. C5c | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Constitutional Principles Citizenship Individuals, Groups, Institutions | *New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) | Student search and seizure issue in school |
| SEVEN | V. C5 | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Individuals, Groups, Institutions Constitutional Principles | Wallace v. Jaffree (1985) | Voluntary prayer in public schools/Establishment Clause |
| SEVEN | V. C5 | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Change Constitutional Principles | Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) | Student’s free press and school authorities |
| SEVEN | VI. A2d | The Bush Presidency Domestic Issues | Constitutional Principles | Texas v. Johnson (1989) | Free Speech Flag Burning |
| SEVEN | VI. A2d | The Bush Presidency Domestic Issues | Civic Values Constitutional Principles Citizenship | Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) | Abortion Right to Privacy and Choice State’s Interest |
| SEVEN | VI. A2d | The Bush Presidency Domestic Issues Social Concerns | Civic Values Constitutional Principles Citizenship | *Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health (1990) | State Police Powers Right to Die |
| SEVEN | VI. A2d | The Bush Presidency Domestic Issues | Diversity Government | Metro Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission (1990) | Preferential treatment if it serves government interest/ Equal Protection |
| SEVEN | VI. A2d | The Bush Presidency Domestic Issues | Civic Values Citizenship | Harmelin v. Michigan (1991) | Cruel and Unusual Punishment |
| SEVEN | V. C5d | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Civic Values Government | Lee v. Weisman (1992) | School prayer and the Establishment Clause |
| SEVEN | VI. A2d | Bush Presidency Domestic Issues Social Concerns | Civic Values Citizenship Constitutional Principles | *Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992) | Due Process/Privacy Liberty Issues |
| SEVEN | V. C5d | The Supreme Court and the Schools | Civic Values Change Constitutional Principles | *Vernonia v. Acton (1995) | Student Search and Seizure |
| SEVEN | VI. B1b | Role of Technologies | Science and Technology Civic Values Constitutional Principles | Reno v. A.C.L.U. (1997) | Free Speech/Censorship/ Cyberspace |
| SEVEN | VI. B1b | The Clinton Presidency Domestic Issues | Presidential Decisions and Actions Constitutional Principles Government | Clinton v. New York City (1998) | Separation of Powers Line Item Veto |
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